To test your hypothesis, I just went out for a short drive, turning off both the sound system and the HVAC fan. Drive and Sport change nothing, as the rattle is still there at 1500 rpm. The only difference is that as a CVT, in Drive mode the transmission can hold the engine to a constant 1500 rpm through a range of road speeds, whereas in Sport mode it's more likely go through the resonant frequency quickly. On a long shallow uphill grade, I found that I could provoke the rattle at slow speeds in 6th or 7th. In fact, if I floored the gas pedal the sound was even worse, since the transmission wouldn't downshift to get out of the resonant range.
The only conclusive cause-effect relationship I have observed is that when the engine is cold (blue light on), the rattle doesn't manifest itself. As soon as it warms up even slightly (even before the blue light goes off), the rattle begins around 1450-1550 rpm.
Since stuffing small amounts of sound deadening fiberglass batting around the perimeter of the heat shields (to prevent them from vibrating) did nothing, I am convinced that the vibration originates somewhere inside the exhaust system, which might be an expensive repair, and dealers may not address it unless they receive a TSB from Honda. I hope I'm wrong, and you can report back what the dealer did to "fix" the problem. I hope the dealer doesn't say "They all do that" or "I didn't hear anything."
After weeks of experiments, including crawling under the car a few times, I'm as stumped as I was back in August. Driven more aggressively, the noise is so transient that it's almost unnoticeable, but knowing that it's there, I want to do something about it.